In
the 1920s architect Le Corbusier developed what would become known as
The Five Points of Modern Architecture: 1) Supports, or pilotis; 2) Roof
gardens; 3) Free design of ground plan; 4) Horizontal, or ribbon
window, and 5) Free design of the facade.
These interrelated design considerations were responses to
industrialization, the use of reinforced concrete and making a break
with traditional buildings and are most evident in the architect's
famous
Villa Savoye outside Paris.
Of interest here is point number 4, the ribbon windows that are an
expression of the facade being hung from the structural frame. This was a
break from load-bearing exterior walls that were together structure and
facade.
Because these long horizontal windows were impossible with
traditional heavy enclosures, they became emblematic of a new direction
in architecture. So then it was up to Le Corbusier and his followers to
explore how ribbon windows function, besides as a polemical statement
for modern architecture.
Decades later, ribbon windows are a fairly common element in modern
and contemporary houses. To be considered as extensions of Le
Corbusier's treatise, the windows should be part of a flat facade, an
opening within a larger wall (not above it, as in a clerestory).
The examples that follow can be seen as neo-Corbusian, but some have
divergent styles that still incorporate ribbon windows in some manner.